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The role of adrenergic system in genetic hypertension
Loučková, Anna ; Kadlecová, Michaela (advisor) ; Husková, Zuzana (referee)
The adrenergic system plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. In the spontaneously hypertensive rat, the most studied model of essential hypertension, many components of the adrenergic system are altered. Changes in expression level of any catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes or any adrenergic receptor subtypes could be one of the causes of hypertension development. In this work, the expression of adrenergic system genes was measured in adrenal gland, renal cortex and renal medulla of the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), Wistar-Kyoto and Brown Norway rats at the age of thirteen weeks. In adrenal gland of SHR, all four catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes (tyrosine hydroxylase, DOPA decarboxylase, dopamine β-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N- methyltransferase) and almost all subtypes of adrenergic receptors (with the exception of Adra1a and Adra1d) were underexpressed. This generally decreased expression in adrenal gland of SHR suggests that at least a part of regulation of adrenergic system gene expression is common. The mechanism of this downregulation in SHR could be a negative feedback through adrenergic receptors stimulated by high plasma noradrenaline concentration. In the kidney of SHR, there were no differences in the expression of most of adrenergic receptor subtypes with the...
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The role of the adrenergic system in the process of cold acclimation
Dynybylová, Anna ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Brabcová, Iveta (referee)
The ability to keep constant body temperature is necessary for mammals. There are effective strategies developed during the evolution - shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis, which start during cold exposure. This thesis is focused on the nonshivering thermogenesis which occurs in brown adipose tissue and is controlled by norepinephrine released from the sympathetic nerves if the cold stress persists for a long time. The principle of the heat production is based on function of the uncoupling protein 1 which disrupts the proton gradient in mitochondria thereby releasing heat the waste product. Similar mechanism of energy dissipation is used not only during cold exposure but also after digestion of high fat diet, which may provide clues for potential therapeutic treatment of obesity and associated metabolic diseases. This study summarizes current knowledge about the role of adrenergic signalling in the process of cold acclimation. Key words: cold acclimation, nonshivering thermogenesis, brown adipose tissue, sympathetic nerve system, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), obesity
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The role of the adrenergic system in the process of cold acclimation
Dynybylová, Anna ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Brabcová, Iveta (referee)
The ability to keep constant body temperature is necessary for mammals. There are effective strategies developed during the evolution - shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis, which start during cold exposure. This thesis is focused on the nonshivering thermogenesis which occurs in brown adipose tissue and is controlled by norepinephrine released from the sympathetic nerves if the cold stress persists for a long time. The principle of the heat production is based on function of the uncoupling protein 1 which disrupts the proton gradient in mitochondria thereby releasing heat the waste product. Similar mechanism of energy dissipation is used not only during cold exposure but also after digestion of high fat diet, which may provide clues for potential therapeutic treatment of obesity and associated metabolic diseases. This study summarizes current knowledge about the role of adrenergic signalling in the process of cold acclimation. Key words: cold acclimation, nonshivering thermogenesis, brown adipose tissue, sympathetic nerve system, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), obesity
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The role of adrenergic system in genetic hypertension
Loučková, Anna ; Kadlecová, Michaela (advisor) ; Husková, Zuzana (referee)
The adrenergic system plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. In the spontaneously hypertensive rat, the most studied model of essential hypertension, many components of the adrenergic system are altered. Changes in expression level of any catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes or any adrenergic receptor subtypes could be one of the causes of hypertension development. In this work, the expression of adrenergic system genes was measured in adrenal gland, renal cortex and renal medulla of the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), Wistar-Kyoto and Brown Norway rats at the age of thirteen weeks. In adrenal gland of SHR, all four catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes (tyrosine hydroxylase, DOPA decarboxylase, dopamine β-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N- methyltransferase) and almost all subtypes of adrenergic receptors (with the exception of Adra1a and Adra1d) were underexpressed. This generally decreased expression in adrenal gland of SHR suggests that at least a part of regulation of adrenergic system gene expression is common. The mechanism of this downregulation in SHR could be a negative feedback through adrenergic receptors stimulated by high plasma noradrenaline concentration. In the kidney of SHR, there were no differences in the expression of most of adrenergic receptor subtypes with the...
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